{"id":3623,"date":"2022-01-25T14:20:21","date_gmt":"2022-01-25T14:20:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/proespacio.tedae.org\/?p=3623"},"modified":"2023-12-18T15:07:28","modified_gmt":"2023-12-18T15:07:28","slug":"el-turismo-espacial-los-primeros-pasos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/proespacio.tedae.org\/en\/el-turismo-espacial-los-primeros-pasos\/","title":{"rendered":"Space tourism: The first steps"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpace tourism is more adventure than pleasure, at least for now during its infancy,\nbut it will continue growing as it becomes more affordable. However, achieving this\nmassive expansion will largely depend on the safety of space transport systems.\nReaching space is not easy and carries a considerable cost.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Space Tourism has arrived, and it is here to stay\"<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNot to mention the fact that there is no detailed, uniform (that includes technical\nstandards) international regulatory system in place to guarantee its safety\nand operational efficiency and to define and guarantee the standardization\nof its operations, from the launch from a spaceport to a medical certification,\ntransportation, stay and return through Earth\u2019s atmosphere.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t A set of laws are also\nrequired to determine the liabilities resulting from a technical failure or the operation\nof the transport and the accommodations. When the safety of human beings is at\nstake, all situations must be considered in order to prevent problems down the line.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHowever, space tourism has arrived, and it is here to stay.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The business<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpace Tourism is a market\nniche that made its appearance\na few years ago and, not without\neffort, has resulted in what we now\nsee as tourism for millionaires. It\nis, maybe, a necessary step that\nhad to be taken before space\ntourism becomes widely available.\nForecasts show that this segment is\nthe most promising when it comes\nto luxury tourism a potential global\nmarket of over 10 billion dollars. \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis new industry aims to offer\ntourists the chance to become\nastronauts and experience space\ntravel for recreational or commercial\npurposes. Since space tourism is\nextremely expensive, only a small\nconsumer segment can and wish to\npay for a space experience. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOne could expect for these efforts\nto be the foundations on top of which\na future industry would develop\nthat would manufacture vehicles\nand tourist accommodations\nand be profitable to the point of\ntransporting thousands of people\nat more affordable prices up to, or\neven further than, 100 kilometers\nabove the Earth at the appropriate\norbital speed, which is considered\nto be the Karman line that sets the\nboundary between the atmosphere\nand space.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Beginnings<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Space Tourism has been a topic of discussion for\nover thirty years, and it was back in 2001 when, for the first time, a civilian considered to be the first space tourist spent eight days at the International Space Station (ISS). First came projects involving suborbital flights in fighters modified to carry many passengers.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLater, projects were devised to create hotels using spent fuel stages of satellite launch vehicles that remain in orbit for a long time. These would be joined in space and made maneuverable to be kept in orbit. However, none of these initiatives came to fruition, and were never developed nor funded.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs time passed other initiatives emerged, including the one by the Bigelow company, founded by a hospitality tycoon, which bases its design on expandable modules.\nThe module is launched to space in a stowed\nconfiguration and, once there, it expands until it reaches its final size. Many modules would be used to create a \u2018hotel in space\u2019. As of now it has been the one that made it further, since it has put in orbit two prototypes in 2006 and 2007. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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It was in back in 2001 when, for the first\nTime, a civilian considered to be the first\nSpace tourist spent eight days at the\nInternational space station (ISS)\u201d<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLater, it sent the Bigelow Expandable\nActivity Module (BEAM) to orbit, which became the first expandable module to make it to the International Space Station in 2016. Its dependence on launch vehicle costs has stalled its activities since then.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOthers have emerged along the way without much luck, funding or feasibility. However, all of this has succeeded in getting the ball rolling, which has taken us to, possibly, the onset of a full-blown space tourism industry.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Types of Space tourism<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJust like on earth\u2019s surface, tourism always offers different options and prices, whether it is a pleasure\ncruise or an extreme adventure. It all depends on how much adrenaline you want and the price you are willing to pay.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs of now, we could say that there are\nfour types of space tourism:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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  • High altitude combat aircraft flights<\/li>\n
  • Zero-gravity atmospheric flights<\/li>\n
  • Short suborbital flights <\/li>\n
  • Longer orbital trips to space<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHigh altitude combat aircraft flights<\/h7>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOne option available for space tourists today is to be taken up to the stratosphere in a supersonic combat aircraft which can reach an altitude of 20-22 km. At that height the stratosphere you can see Earth\u2019s curvature, the sky is black and it is possible to\nsee space. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs part of this space travel experience, tourists also have the opportunity to control the aircraft and there are a series of acrobatic maneuvers an experienced pilot performs. These flights allow of a vertical speed of 330 m\/s and a top speed of\nMach 2.25 (2390 km\/h). It can be experienced for 15,000 to 20,000 euros.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \"Reportaje\"<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZero-gravity atmospheric flights\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA feeling of weightlessness can be achieved by performing parabolic flights on a plane. As the plane climbs and stabilizes it goes over the arc of the parabola, the centrifugal force exerted on the plane and all of its contents cancels out the force\nof gravity pushing down. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAt this point, passengers experience microgravity, feeling weightless because only negligible gravitational forces are present. The feeling\nof weightlessness lasts about 30 seconds during the descent. Since the aircraft shields the passengers from the airflow, they can experience a free fall without air resistance getting in the way. Its price is around 5,000 euros.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tShort suborbital flights\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA suborbital flight is one that reaches a height of 100 km or more, but does not entirely circle the Earth. Space tourism suborbital flights have recently been performed out of the Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin spaceports, which allow passengers to experience weightlessness for a few minutes while gazing at the Earth\u2019s atmosphere.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This opens the door to regular suborbital flights for a larger audience, which could become a reality in the next 10 years at a somewhat affordable ticket price, which could gradually drop down to \u20ac 20,000.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    I just came back\nFrom paradise\u201d<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLonger orbital trips to space\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecently we have seen four space tourists in the\nInspiration4 mission stay in orbit for three days,\nwhere they performed scientific experiments way\nmore than your minutes-long experience. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHowever, the closest thing to a tourism trip to\nspace has been the flight of North American\ntycoon and former NASA engineer Dennis Tito,\nconsidered to be the first space tourist. The first\nhuman being to travel to space solely for pleasure\nand after paying 20 million dollars arrived to the\nISS on April 30, 2001.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t At the ISS he operated the\ncommunications system and verified the power\nequipment of the Russian module, in addition to\ntaking pictures, making home movies and doing\na lot of gazing out of the windows all you would\nexpect from a tourist. His words upon returning on\nMay 6 were \u201cI just came back from paradise.\u201d He\nwas followed by four other people under the same\nflight modality to the ISS for a long duration trip.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Reasons for space tourism<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe accounts of the few astronauts\nwho had launched themselves to Earth\u2019s\norbit just 10 years ago shook the tree\nof human curiosity. The business was\nobvious, and as years passed it has\nincreased its chances of becoming\nsomething real. High costs held back\nits realization for a long time, but little\nby little and thanks to private initiatives,\nwe have been able to reach the point\nwhere we are today. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNowadays, that reality seems to be even closer. Just as we see how the number of satellites in orbit are growing exponentially due to the rise of Internet constellations, we are also seeing a rapid increase in the number of astronauts who leave Earth\u2019s atmosphere.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe main reasons for this space tourism fever, which has driven the emergence of all of these initiatives, are: \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    • Seeing Earth from space<\/li>\n
    • Experiencing weightles sness\n<\/li>\n
    • Experiencing high speeds \n<\/li>\n
    • Living an unusual experience \n<\/li>\n
    • Scientific contribution\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSeeing earth from space\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEver since the first astronauts, the idea of seeing our own planet from outside has had a big impact a distant perspective that changes the perception of things. In low Earth orbit, for example, you cannot see the entire Earth you are still too close, but you can see the atmosphere in the horizon. However, you can sense the vast magnitude of the planet we live in. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \"Reportaje\"<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrom geostationary orbit it is possible to see the entire planet in all of its glory, and how it melds with a canvas filled with stars. Lastly, we have had the luck of having another, more distant point of view. When leaving the Solar System, the Voyager 1 probe took a picture facing the Earth from a distance of 6 billion kilometers.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      We are overwhelmed by the idea of being so small, and by the fact that we cannot be alone in this universe\u201d<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      The image shows the Earth as a speck: Carl Sagan\u2019s famous Pale Blue Dot,\u00a0 <\/span>an almost undiscernible point of light due to the Sun\u2019s brightness. Upon looking at it, we are overwhelmed by the idea of being so small, and by the fact that we cannot be alone in this universe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nExperiencing weightlessness\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis unique form of tourism involves using a specially modified commercial plane where trained pilots perform parabolic maneuvers. These flights offer the opportunity to experience \u2018weightlessness\u2019 without going to space. The\naircraft are modified with padded cabins to prevent injuries during the flights while weightless.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t The European Space Agency also performs these flights to test instruments and payloads that will later be taken to the International Space Station, as is the case of CIMON.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExperiencing high speeds\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnother reason to go to space is, without a doubt, the\nhigh speeds. In order to leave Earth\u2019s orbit, it is necessary to reach escape velocity, which is around 11 kilometers per second (40,280 km\/h). If that velocity is not reached, Earth\u2019s pull cannot be overcome. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExperiencing the speed and sound of a rocket launch is a critical moment in the life of a satellite, and it must be designed to withstand it, so it is even more important to be extra safe when sending a human being to space. In the space tourism of the future, medical examinations will be an essential component.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nLiving an unusual experience\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSkydiving, bungee jumping, kitesurfing and wingsuit flying are extreme sports that are sought to escape the daily routine and get your adrenaline pumping. Experiencing something new that fills our lives with emotions points to space travel being among the favorite experiences of the\nfuture, provided that it is affordable.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tScientific contribution\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLastly, as already mentioned, zero-gravity flights aboard aircraft are used to study and certify payloads that will head to space. But space tourism could go even further. The vast data on human behavior and health in the space environment alone could lead to very interesting insights for a future colonization of the Moon or Mars.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Future outlook<\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t The commercial space race is only\nbeginning. Three American companies have\nannounced a project to build what would become\nthe first private space station of humanity with\nthe purpose of performing scientific studies and\nwelcoming tourists. The station will be called Starlab and it is expected to become operational by 2027.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \"Reportaje\"<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t In addition, we are already witnessing a number of\nprojects aimed at colonizing the Moon. Achieving it\nwill require the construction of a new space station\nin the orbit of the Moon called GATEWAY. It would\nbe the necessary trampoline to create human\nsettlements on the Moon\u2019s surface and, maybe one\nday, Mars too. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNaturally, its cost would be gigantic,\nand the international community that pays for it will\nnot want to keep paying for the other \u2018home\u2019 the ISS.\nIn fact, there are talks about putting an end to the\nISS before 2030. It is an infrastructure that is already\nthere and could continue being used as a solution\nfor the increasing demand of space tourists.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLogically, a number of issues would have to be\naddressed before that, including its aging structure,\nwho will bear its maintenance costs, who would\noperate it, the implementation of regulations, etc. It\nhas cost too much money and effort to dismantle\nit and allow that great enterprise that has been so\nsignificant for humans and our knowledge to fade\naway. It is certain that, if the business opportunities\nare interesting, investors will appear.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn this incipient stage when space tourism is\nbecoming commonplace, it is understandable to\nsee opposing views on the matter. There are many\ninterrelated aspects to consider, and there are\nobjective, well-founded criteria to be either for or\nagainst it. And this comes as no surprise. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n
      There is no Planet B\"<\/blockquote>\n<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe least we could expect and hope is for the need to protect the planet to become deeply rooted in humans, and that it helps us gain awareness at a global and international level about the fragility of our planet Earth, which is as wonderful as vulnerable, and, for now, the only planet that is suitable for human life. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIt is certain that other options will continue to\nemerge out of the imagination and the will to\nconquer space. Space tourism is, maybe, the last\n\u2018benefit\u2019 that it has yet to offer us.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
      \n

      A controversial type of tourism<\/h5>\n

      The emergence of space tourism <\/strong> has been surrounded by controversy, largely due\nto its exclusive nature, because of the significant resources that it requires. In this incipient\nstage when space tourism is becoming commonplace, it is understandable to see opposing views on the matter. There are many interrelated aspects to consider, and there are objective, well-founded criteria to be either for or against it. The least we could expect and hope is for the need to protect the planet to become deeply rooted in humans, and that this controversy helps us gain awareness at a global level about its fragility, it being as wonderful as vulnerable, and, for now, the only planet that is suitable for human life. There is no Planet B.<\/p>\n\n

      \n

      <\/span> \u00a0 Text: Francisco Lech\u00f3n and Jos\u00e9 Antonio Garc\u00eda<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      El turismo espacial forma parte del turismo de aventura m\u00e1s que el de placer, al menos ahora al principio, pero seguir\u00e1 expandi\u00e9ndose a medida que econ\u00f3micamente sea m\u00e1s accesible. Sin embargo, la realizaci\u00f3n de esta enorme expansi\u00f3n prevista depender\u00e1 en gran medida de la seguridad de los sistemas de transporte espacial. Subir al espacio no<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3610,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[86,50,84,66],"class_list":{"0":"post-3623","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-reportaje","8":"tag-header-no49","9":"tag-no49","10":"tag-reportaje","11":"tag-reportaje-no49"},"yoast_head":"\nEl turismo espacial: Los primeros pasos - PROESPACIO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/proespacio.tedae.org\/en\/el-turismo-espacial-los-primeros-pasos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El turismo espacial: Los primeros pasos - PROESPACIO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El turismo espacial forma parte del turismo de aventura m\u00e1s que el de placer, al menos ahora al principio, pero seguir\u00e1 expandi\u00e9ndose a medida que econ\u00f3micamente sea m\u00e1s accesible. 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